Botulinum toxin dosing in arm muscles: contextual factors
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Cervical Dystonia: The Science of Dosing
The first-line treatment for cervical dystonia (CD) is botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), which has been established as a highly effective and well-tolerated therapy. However, this treatment is also complex and challenging to apply in clinical practice. Approximately 20% of patients discontinue therapy due to treatment failure, adverse effects, and other reasons. In addition, expert consensus rec...
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Preliminary note This short review on the use of sonography to guide botulinum toxin injections is written from the perspective of a neuropaediatrician. Children are very sensitive to pain, rarely cooperative and don’t like any procedures that require them holding still for a length of time. Sonography was always therefore very popular in paediatrics, and consequently, it seemed the obvious cho...
متن کاملLocalizing muscles for botulinum toxin treatment of focal hand dystonia.
BACKGROUND There is currently no consensus on the best way to localize muscles in the forearm for botulinum toxin (BTX) injection. We devised a study to compare electromyography (EMG) with local stimulation through a cannula for localizing forearm muscles for botulinum toxin (BTX) injection, and for predicting the risk of unwanted weakness in non-target muscles. METHODS In 12 patients with fo...
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Botulism is a serious paralytic disease caused by Clostridium botulinum toxin in foods. There are seven recognized serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins among which the principal prevalent types in humans include A, B and E. Infant botulism results from intestinal colonization and toxin production by C. botulinum spores in babies less than 1 year old. Honey is the most important food discriminated...
متن کاملBotulinum toxin in migraine.
nondystonic involuntary movements, including those excessive muscle contraction accompanying stroke, demyelinating disease, tremor, and cosmetic condition. Reported benefits in hyperhydrosis has proven that BTX can inhibit overactive non-motor as well as motor peripheral acetylcholine neurons. In addition to reducing muscle hyperactivity and spasm, BTX-A treatment often reduces the pain associa...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Neural Transmission
سال: 2021
ISSN: 0300-9564,1435-1463
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02307-1